Bandwagonhost中文网说起来你们可能不信，今天为了给昨天新买的搬瓦工的几台 VPS 安装个 BBR，折腾了一个多小时。之前的一键安装包在 Ubuntu 16.04 上突然不好使了，老是提示错误，不知道是个例还是普遍现象，在这里先分享一下手动升级内核开启 BBR 的方法。
话说回来，昨天补货我买了 5 台年付 18.79 美元的（相关链接），接下来会陆续搭建演示站点。
错误提示
当使用之前分享的一键安装包安装 BBR 时（搬瓦工安装 BBR 教程），总是提示下面的错误：
Selecting previously unselected package linux-image-4.14.36-041436-generic. (Reading database ... 92043 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack linux-image-4.14.36-i386.deb ... Unpacking linux-image-4.14.36-041436-generic (4.14.36-041436.201804240906) ... dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-image-4.14.36-041436-generic: linux-image-4.14.36-041436-generic depends on linux-modules-4.14.36-041436-generic; however: Package linux-modules-4.14.36-041436-generic is not installed. dpkg: error processing package linux-image-4.14.36-041436-generic (--install): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured Errors were encountered while processing: linux-image-4.14.36-041436-generic removed 'linux-image-4.14.36-i386.deb' Generating grub configuration file ... Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.14.36-041436-generic Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-121-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-121-generic Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-62-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-62-generic done
尝试了好几个不同版本的内核，自动安装时都提示这个错误。网上搜了下并没有搜到这个问题，如果强行重启的话就是启动不起来了。于是只能尝试手动安装。
手动升级内核
下面先手动升级一下内核，我选择的是升级到 4.14，更多版本可以自己前往：
http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/
进行挑选。
下面直接复制我安装的整个过程，重要部分用粗体加粗以及添加了注释，注意查看。
第一步下载内核就不用多说了吧？比如我选的是 4.14，那么就在 http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v4.14/ 挑选出 linux-image-4.14.0-041400-generic-xxxxx_amd64.deb（或者 i386，根据你操作系统是 64 位还是 32 位进行选择）。挑选完后复制链接，直接在 VPS 里 wget 即可（wget command not found？自己解决吧）。
然后开始安装。一共就两步：
安装内核：
dpkg -i linux-image-4.14.0-041400-generic_4.14.0-041400.201711122031_amd64.deb
更新 grub：
/usr/sbin/update-grub
如果提示错误，配置一下 dpkg：
dpkg --configure -a
详细步骤如下所示。
root@ubuntu:~# dpkg -i linux-image-4.14.0-041400-generic_4.14.0-041400.201711122031_amd64.deb // 换成你下载的对应的内核名称 Selecting previously unselected package linux-image-4.14.0-041400-generic. (Reading database ... 64836 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack linux-image-4.14.0-041400-generic_4.14.0-041400.201711122031_amd64.deb ... Done. Unpacking linux-image-4.14.0-041400-generic (4.14.0-041400.201711122031) ... dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-image-4.14.0-041400-generic: linux-image-4.14.0-041400-generic depends on kmod; however: Package kmod is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing package linux-image-4.14.0-041400-generic (--install): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured Errors were encountered while processing: linux-image-4.14.0-041400-generic root@ubuntu:~# dpkg --configure -a // 第一次安装提示失败，需要配置一下 dpkg Setting up git-man (1:2.7.4-0ubuntu1.3) ... ......... 中间省略 .......... 17 added, 42 removed; done. Running hooks in /etc/ca-certificates/update.d... done. Processing triggers for systemd (229-4ubuntu21.1) ... Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-19) ... Errors were encountered while processing: linux-generic root@ubuntu:~# dpkg -i linux-image-4.14.0-041400-generic_4.14.0-041400.201711122031_amd64.deb // 再次尝试安装 (Reading database ... 71021 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack linux-image-4.14.0-041400-generic_4.14.0-041400.201711122031_amd64.deb ... Done. Unpacking linux-image-4.14.0-041400-generic (4.14.0-041400.201711122031) over (4.14.0-041400.201711122031) ... Examining /etc/kernel/postrm.d . run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools 4.14.0-041400-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.14.0-041400-generic run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub 4.14.0-041400-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.14.0-041400-generic Setting up linux-image-4.14.0-041400-generic (4.14.0-041400.201711122031) ... Running depmod. update-initramfs: deferring update (hook will be called later) Not updating initrd symbolic links since we are being updated/reinstalled (4.14.0-041400.201711122031 was configured last, according to dpkg) Not updating image symbolic links since we are being updated/reinstalled (4.14.0-041400.201711122031 was configured last, according to dpkg) Examining /etc/kernel/postinst.d. run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/apt-auto-removal 4.14.0-041400-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.14.0-041400-generic run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools 4.14.0-041400-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.14.0-041400-generic update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-4.14.0-041400-generic W: mdadm: /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf defines no arrays. run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/unattended-upgrades 4.14.0-041400-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.14.0-041400-generic run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/update-notifier 4.14.0-041400-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.14.0-041400-generic run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub 4.14.0-041400-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.14.0-041400-generic Generating grub configuration file ... Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.14.0-041400-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.14.0-041400-generic Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-121-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-121-generic Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-62-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-62-generic done root@ubuntu:~# /usr/sbin/update-grub //内核安装成功，更新 grub Generating grub configuration file ... Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.14.0-041400-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.14.0-041400-generic Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-121-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-121-generic Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-62-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-62-generic done
开启 BBR
内核升级完成后，重启一下，然后开启 BBR。
开启 BBR 一共需要这么几个命令：
sed -i '/net.core.default_qdisc/d' /etc/sysctl.conf sed -i '/net.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control/d' /etc/sysctl.conf echo "net.core.default_qdisc = fq" >> /etc/sysctl.conf echo "net.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control = bbr" >> /etc/sysctl.conf sysctl -p >/dev/null 2>&1
当然，如果你嫌麻烦，这时候也可以把之前那篇一键安装 BBR 的文章里的那个一键脚本拿过来运行一遍（传送门：搬瓦工 VPS 开启谷歌 BBR 教程），这时候因为已经升级完内核，那个脚本会自动帮你开启 BBR。
检查、收尾
然后就成功了，用 uname -r 检查一下内核版本，用 lsmod | grep bbr 看一下 bbr 是否已经开启，一般都没毛病。我安装完后 apt update 了一下提示我有问题，但是用 apt -f install 即可解决。
还没买年付 18.79 美元的新一代搬瓦工传家宝，就赶紧去买一台吧！直达链接：搬瓦工年付 18.79 美元传家宝方案。
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